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1 surface de but
Partie de la surface de réparation délimitée par la ligne de but et deux lignes tracées perpendiculairement à la ligne de but, à 5,50 m de l'intérieur de chaque montant du but, qui avancent sur le terrain de jeu sur une distance de 5,50 m et par une ligne tracée parallèlement à la ligne de but, réunissant ces deux lignes.► Un coup franc accordé à l'équipe défendant dans sa propre surface de but peut être exécuté de n'importe quel point de la surface de but. Un coup franc indirect accordé à l'équipe attaquante dans la surface de but de l' équipe adverse doit être exécuté de la ligne de la surface de but qui est parallèle à la ligne de but, et ce au point le plus proche de l'endroit où la faute a été commise.
Part of the penalty area bounded by the goal line and two lines drawn at right angles to the goal line, each 5.5 m (6 yds) from the inside of the nearest goalpost, extending into the field of play for a distance of 5.5 m (6 yds) and joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line.► A free kick awarded to the defending team inside its own goal area is taken from any point within the goal area. An indirect free kick awarded to the attacking team in the opposing team's goal area is taken from the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the infringement occurred.
Syn. six-yard boxDictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > surface de but
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2 surface de but
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3 ligne de la surface de but
Marquage du terrain, composé des trois lignes qui délimitent, avec la ligne de but, la surface de but.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > ligne de la surface de but
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4 surface
f1) поверхность; плоскостьsurface sustentatrice ав. — поддерживающая, несущая поверхностьsurfaces portantes ав. — несущие поверхностиsurface de séparation физ. — поверхность разъёма, разделаnager en surface — плавать у самой поверхности воды ( о рыбе)faire surface — всплыть (о подводной лодке, торпеде и т. п.)••refaire surface — 1) снова всплыть; обрести утраченный престиж; поправить свои дела 2) восстановить здоровье; прийти в себяavoir de la surface разг. — иметь средства, жить в достатке2) площадьsurface d'emblavement, surface ensemencée — посевная площадьsurface corrigée юр. — учётная жилплощадь ( с учётом её качества)grande surface — большой универсальный магазин самообслуживания; супермаркет; универсамn'avoir que de la surface — быть чисто внешним -
5 surface de réparation
Espace situé à chaque extrémité du terrain, délimité par la ligne de but et deux lignes tracées perpendiculairement à la ligne de but, à 16,50 m de l'intérieur de chaque montant du but, qui avancent sur le terrain de jeu sur une distance de 16,50 m et qui sont réunies par une ligne tracée parallèlement à la ligne de but.Rectangular part of the field of play in front of each goal formed by the goal line and a parallel line 16.5 m (18 yds) from it, and by two lines at right angles to these lines each 16.5 m (18 yds) from the inside of each goalpost.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > surface de réparation
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6 surface efficace de but
сущ.Французско-русский универсальный словарь > surface efficace de but
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7 coup de pied de but
Reprise du jeu exécutée par un joueur de l' équipe défendante d'un point quelconque de la surface de but quand le ballon, touché en dernier par un joueur de l' équipe attaquante, a franchi entièrement la ligne de but, sans qu'un but n'ait été marqué.Method of restarting play in which a player of the defending team kicks the ball from any point within the goal area when the whole of the ball, having last touched a player of the attacking team, passes over the goal line, without a goal having been scored.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > coup de pied de but
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8 gardien de but
Joueur chargé de protéger le but de son équipe de manière à ce que le ballon ne franchisse pas la ligne de but et qui peut, pour ce faire, utiliser tout son corps, y compris ses bras et ses mains, dans sa propre surface de réparation, contrairement aux autres joueurs.Player positioned in the goalmouth whose task is to stop the ball from crossing the goal line and who is the only player in the team allowed to handle the ball provided, if he is inside his own penalty area.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > gardien de but
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9 dégagement aux six mètres
Reprise du jeu exécutée par un joueur de l' équipe défendante d'un point quelconque de la surface de but quand le ballon, touché en dernier par un joueur de l' équipe attaquante, a franchi entièrement la ligne de but, sans qu'un but n'ait été marqué.Method of restarting play in which a player of the defending team kicks the ball from any point within the goal area when the whole of the ball, having last touched a player of the attacking team, passes over the goal line, without a goal having been scored.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > dégagement aux six mètres
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10 dégagement des six mètres
Reprise du jeu exécutée par un joueur de l' équipe défendante d'un point quelconque de la surface de but quand le ballon, touché en dernier par un joueur de l' équipe attaquante, a franchi entièrement la ligne de but, sans qu'un but n'ait été marqué.Method of restarting play in which a player of the defending team kicks the ball from any point within the goal area when the whole of the ball, having last touched a player of the attacking team, passes over the goal line, without a goal having been scored.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > dégagement des six mètres
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11 correction atmosphérique
поправки на атмосферу
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
atmospheric correction
The removal from the remotely sensed data of the atmospheric effects caused by the scattering and absorption of sunlight by particles; the removal of these effects improves not only the quality of the observed earth surface imaging but also the accuracy of classification of the ground objects. (Source: YOUNG)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > correction atmosphérique
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12 interface air mer
граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
ocean-air interface
The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. (Source: PARCOR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > interface air mer
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13 articulation en selle
Articulation dont chaque surface comporte une surface concave et une convexe et qui rappelle la forme d'une selle.Synovial joint whose articular faces are each concave on one axis and convex on the opposing surface, thus permitting angular motion, but preventing rotation.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > articulation en selle
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14 articulation par emboîtement réciproque
Articulation dont chaque surface comporte une surface concave et une convexe et qui rappelle la forme d'une selle.Synovial joint whose articular faces are each concave on one axis and convex on the opposing surface, thus permitting angular motion, but preventing rotation.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > articulation par emboîtement réciproque
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15 courant admissible, m
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > courant admissible, m
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16 courant permanent admissible, m
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > courant permanent admissible, m
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17 gardien
Joueur chargé de protéger le but de son équipe de manière à ce que le ballon ne franchisse pas la ligne de but et qui peut, pour ce faire, utiliser tout son corps, y compris ses bras et ses mains, dans sa propre surface de réparation, contrairement aux autres joueurs.Player positioned in the goalmouth whose task is to stop the ball from crossing the goal line and who is the only player in the team allowed to handle the ball provided, if he is inside his own penalty area. -
18 portier
Joueur chargé de protéger le but de son équipe de manière à ce que le ballon ne franchisse pas la ligne de but et qui peut, pour ce faire, utiliser tout son corps, y compris ses bras et ses mains, dans sa propre surface de réparation, contrairement aux autres joueurs.Player positioned in the goalmouth whose task is to stop the ball from crossing the goal line and who is the only player in the team allowed to handle the ball provided, if he is inside his own penalty area. -
19 érosion par l'eau
водная эрозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water erosion
The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > érosion par l'eau
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20 processus du sol
почвенный процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil process
The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface. (Source: PARCOR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > processus du sol
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